Psychological First Aid (PFA) for Children Quick Reference
Key Points
- Trauma = how children experience frightening events-often a disruption in trust, routine, and safety.
- Behaviors are signals, not misbehavior.
Trauma & Grief Across Developmental Stages
| Age Range | Signs | How to Support |
|---|---|---|
| 0-5 yrs | Crying, regression | Provide safety, routines, simple reassurance |
| 6-12 yrs | Nightmares, irritability, withdrawal | Use clear explanations and predictability |
| 13-18 yrs | Mood swings, risk behavior, disconnection | Validate feelings, respect autonomy |
| 18-25 yrs | Anxiety, depression, relationship issues | Encourage support, offer resources quietly |
6 Steps of PFA
- Prepare - observe child and environment
- Look - check for distress or separation
- Listen - use calm, simple words and validate
- Link - offer comfort, routine, distraction
- Refer - under-18 → Youth & Family Crisis Services (1‑800‑969‑4357)
- Disengage - reassure: "You're safe now; helpers are here."
Grounding Tool - 5‑4‑3‑2‑1 Exercise
Use senses to slow the mind:
- Name 5 things you see
- Listen for 4 sounds
- Touch 3 things nearby
- Identify 2 smells
- Notice 1 taste
Emergency Contact Numbers
- Youth Services: 1‑800‑969‑4357
- Child Abuse Hotline: 1‑800‑422‑4453
- DSAMH Crisis Line: North: 800‑652‑2929 | South: 800‑345‑6785
- HOPELINE: 1‑833‑9‑HOPEDE
- 988 Lifeline / Veteran Crisis: Dial 988 or text 838255
- PFA Resources: NCTSN.org | DelawareBEST.org
